almost Third Americans know people with organ transplantation. The system that constitutes the donation and transplant process remains as a mystery.
Organ transplantation is a measure of amazing scientific achievement. It began in earnest in the 1950s Dr. Joseph The world’s first human kidney transplant in Boston. (He later won the Nobel Prize for his work.) World’s first Kidney pancreas, liver and heart transplantation was groundbreaking in the late 1960s. Immunosuppression In the 1970s, it is necessary for successful transplantation.
Governing law
With the development of science, more patients are eligible for transplantation and more donors can be provided. But the matching system was fragmentary.
For decades, small scattered regional transplant hospitals have managed long -term procurement and transplant itself. There was no national connected network.
Everything in 1984 National Institutional Transplantation Act. The groundbreaking law has created today’s long -term procurement and transplant networks.
Creating a network allows you to geographically communicate with other hospitals in the network to make transplantation faster and more efficient. In addition to limiting the donated organs to immediate locale, they allowed cross -country transplantation.
In particular, the law stipulates that only one private organization will be contracted to operate the entire network. that United Network for Long -term Sharing (Unos) I won the federal contract 1986 Since then, I have run the network.
UNOS initially obtained valid criticism during the 40 -year reign while delegating a network operation to an organization. Old -fashioned technology and Operation failure The abandoned organs occur.
New law has passed 2023 We solved this by dismantling UNOS’s monopoly on the network and allowing the federal government to make a contract with several organizations at once. These contracts are still in operation.
write
The network is consistent with deaths using national registration cattle. life Donor to the recipient. This registry is important details For both parties, including blood type, body size and demographic statistics.
If the organs are available, the algorithm uses all details to create a list of qualifiers. Composite score. Importantly, the recipient is not simply ranking on the list of waiting lists. Instead, the Regis Tree “dynamicThe constantly changing information pool. ” Then the organs are provided to the top recipient in the list, and if the patient’s surgery team refuses, it will be provided to the next person. decreaseBecause D -size inconsistency or a recipient is not temporarily inadequate for transplantation for other reasons.)
Procurement and transplantation
UNOS supervises the entire national transplant network, but many tasks are adjusted by the region. Long -term procurement organization.
If the local government procurement organization finds out that the organs are available in the collection area, they adjust the procurement from the donor and adjust the transportation through ambulance, private courier service or commercial flight.
Most organizations are successfully delivered, but there are some organs. delay During transportation, you must lose your survival. Some just get lostdo.
The recipient received once Surgical teamThey prepare for the clock to transplant the organs. You can do organs through special preservation methods Survive Outside the body for various hours. For example, the kidneys can last for up to 48 hours, but the heart and lungs can survive for 4-6 hours.
After surgery, the recipient maintains a lifetime therapy. Immunosuppressant And another treatment to prevent the body from rejecting a new organ. network Track Measurement for successful transplantation including prisoner’s mortality rate and survival and function of transplanted institutions.
Organ donations have seen amazing innovations in the last 75 years. The US network alone saved hundreds of thousands of lives. Although it is experiencing operating makeup to improve efficiency and transparency, the network has made a good promise to prove its value and simplify the organ donation of Congress in 1984.
